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| EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WORK |
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| Year : 2020 |
Volume
: 31 | Issue : 5 | Page
: 784-790 |
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Epidemiological study on prevalent risk factors and craniofacial skeletal patterns in obstructive sleep apnea among South Indian population
Parvathy Ghosh1, NK Sapna Varma1, VV Ajith1, Rahul D Prabha1, Manu Raj2
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, India
2 Consultant in Public Health Research, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. N K Sapna Varma
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Ponekkara - 682 041, Kochi, Kerala
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_224_19
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Context: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition affecting the upper airway among a vast number of people around the world. Aims: To determine the prevalent risk factors of OSA and its association with craniofacial skeletal pattern. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional, community-based study. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, questionnaire and physical examination were done for 1000 subjects between 20 and 70 years of age. Subjects were categorized as snorers and non-snorers. Snorers were further grouped as high-risk and low-risk snorers. In the second stage, polysomnography (PSG) was done for randomly selected high-risk subjects. Craniofacial skeletal pattern of OSA-diagnosed subjects were compared with non-OSA subjects using lateral cephalograms. Statistical Analysis: Analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 20. Independent sample t-test was used. A P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The study population represented the following: high-risk snorers: 22.4%, low-risk snorers: 13.9%, and non-snorers: 63.7%. Excessive daytime sleepiness was present in 7.7%. Among high-risk, 80 underwent PSG, and 75 were diagnosed as OSA (94%) and 5 non-OSA subjects. Increased body mass index and neck circumference were statistically significant. Cephalometric evaluation showed difference in maxillomandibular relationship, narrowing of airway space, and inferiorly displaced hyoid. Conclusion: OSA is a major public health problem. Obesity is a strong predictor for OSA. Thus, high-risk subjects for sleep apnea could be identified using routine clinical examination, investigations, and anthropometric parameters.
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