Indian scenario: Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases

Amit Arvind Agrawal

doi:10.4103/0970-9290.131172

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Year : 2014 | Volume : 25 | Issue : 1 | Page : 133

Indian scenario: Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases

Amit Arvind Agrawal
MGV Dental College, Panchvati, Nashik - 422 003, India

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Date of Web Publication

21-Apr-2014

How to cite this article:
Agrawal AA. Indian scenario: Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25:133

How to cite this URL:
Agrawal AA. Indian scenario: Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2014 [cited 2023 Sep 23];25:133. Available from: https://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2014/25/1/133/131172

Sir,

With reference to a recently published review article by Vijayalaxmi et al, ^[1] there are certain facts that needed a mention, but got skipped. The data seem to have been compiled till 2008 only, whereas many studies were published in 2009 and 2010 as well. Case-control studies related to IL-1 gene polymorphism in an Indian subpopulation began to appear in the literature since 2006, but none of them is even mentioned. Since the article is published in a reputed Indian journal, I feel a brief overview of studies on Indian ethnic groups definitely needed a mention. ^{[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7]}

As is obvious, most research in India has been done on IL-1 gene polymorphism. Among all the studies reported, only one study found negative association, while other five showed positive association. Out of all these studies, five studies have been performed on chronic periodontitis patients only, and only one study on both chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients.

India being blessed by diverse ethnic groups, it would be very interesting to study the association of genetic polymorphism with periodontitis. Future studies in the Indian population should focus on a specific ethnic group to make the results more precise. Till date, only IL-1 and IL-6 polymorphisms have been studied in the Indian population; FcgammaRIIIb and HLA genetic polymorphisms have also shown promising results and need to be evaluated.

A new concept of "susceptible profile" as against "susceptible gene" also needed a mention. A susceptible profile is where several relatively common high-risk polymorphism could be inherited by an individual giving him a cumulative high-susceptibility profile. Considering the immense literature, it is reasonable to conclude that both aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis are not single-gene but polygenic diseases. Similar to other complex diseases, it is estimated that between 10 and 50 genes with several major master genes may be involved in periodontitis. So, it would be more efficient to simultaneously analyze a large sample size for multiple gene polymorphisms.

References

1.	Vijayalaxmi R, Geetha A, Ramakrishnan T, Emmadi Pamela. Genetic polymorphism in periodontal diseases: An overview. Indian J Dent Res 2010;21:568-74.
2.	Agrawal AA, Kapley A, Yeltiwar RK, Purohit HJ. Assessment of single nucleotide polymorphism at IL-1A ⁺ 4845 and IL-1B ⁺ 3954 as genetic susceptibility test for chronic periodontitis in Maharashtrian ethnicity. J Periodontol 2006;77:1515-21.
3.	Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and periodontitis in subjects from Indian subcontinent. Available from: http://www.iadr.confex.com/iadr/2006Orld/techprogram/abstract_76499.htm [Last Accessed on 27 ^th December 2010].
4.	Kaarthikeyan G, Jaykumar ND, Padmalatha O, Sheeja V, Sankari M, Anandan B. Analysis of the association between interleukin -1 beta (+3954) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in a sample of the South Indian population. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:37-40. [PUBMED]
5.	Prakash PSG and Victor DJ. Interleukin-1b gene polymorphism and its association with chronic periodontitis in South Indian population. Int J Gent Mol Biol 2010;2:179-83.
6.	Franch-Chillida, Nibali L, Madden I, Donos N, Brett P. Association between interleukin-6 polymorphism and periodontitis in Indian non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:137-44.
7.	Shete AR, Joseph R, Viyayan NN, Srinivas L, Banerjee M. Association of single neuleotide gene polymorphism at Interleukin-1beta +3954, -511, -31 in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis in Dravidian ethnicity. J Periodontol 2010;81:62-9.