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ORIGINAL RESEARCH Table of Contents   
Year : 2009  |  Volume : 20  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 195-200
Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics

Zuhre Zafersoy Akarslan1, Burak Sadik2, Hulya Erten2, Erdem Karabulut3
1 Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
3 Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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Date of Submission26-Mar-2008
Date of Decision20-Jul-2008
Date of Acceptance06-Oct-2008
Date of Web Publication23-Jun-2009
 

   Abstract 

Aim: The purposes of this research were to investigate factors influencing patients' satisfaction with their present dental esthetic, received previous dental treatments on anterior teeth and basic treatments that they wanted to undergo to improve their dental appearance.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1014 patients who attended a dental school in a major city in Turkey participated in the study. The participants were surveyed with a questionnaire containing questions about gender, age, education level, self-reported tooth appearance, received previous dental treatments on anterior teeth and desired basic esthetic dental treatments. Statistical analysis of the verifying data was made with descriptive statistics, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Results: According to the analyses of the verifying data, 55.1% of the patients were dissatisfied with the color of their teeth, 42.7% with dental appearance, 29.9% with crowding of anterior teeth, 23.3% were hiding teeth while smiling, 16.1% had non-esthetic restorations and 11.9% thought that their anterior teeth were protruding. Esthetic restoration was found to be the most-performed treatment recently (29.0%) and whitening of teeth was the most-desired dental treatment (49.0%). Gender, age and education level had an effect on satisfaction and received previous and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics.
Conclusion: Many of the Turkish patients surveyed in the study were dissatisfied and desired the improvement of dental esthetics. Therefore, dentists should consider this as an important dimension in their practice.

Keywords: Bleaching, esthetics, prosthesis, restoration, satisfaction

How to cite this article:
Akarslan ZZ, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:195-200

How to cite this URL:
Akarslan ZZ, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2009 [cited 2023 Jun 1];20:195-200. Available from: https://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2009/20/2/195/52902
Esthetics has become as important as function, structure and biology, until about the last two decades, in dental practice [1] as current advertising and the media in general emphasize the effect of a pleasant appearance because of its importance in many everyday situations. [2] This fact leads to changes in patients' esthetic needs and consequence of dental treatment priority. [1]

Numerous factors are related with dental esthetics, such as the color and the shape of the teeth and the shape of the dental arch. These factors are affected by individual preferences, cultural factors and sociodemographic factors. The viewer's perception of a visual experience could be pleasant and beautiful by one individual and culture, while it could be seen as nasty in another. [3],[4] The appearance of the teeth could be influenced by gender, age and education level. Females are reported to be more sensitive than males for the appearance of teeth and the importance of teeth decreases with ageing and higher education levels. [2] Perceived dental treatments on anterior teeth also have an impact on dental esthetics, which is affected by individual preferences and cultures. Unfortunately, in some cases, dentists may develop an esthetic appearance differing from the patient's concepts, resulting in communication problems and unanticipated difficulties. [5]

As esthetics is an important dimension in dental practice and could be related to individual preferences, cultures, sociodemographic factors and perceived dental treatments, the aims of this study were to evaluate the factors influencing patients' satisfaction with dental esthetics, self-reported received previous dental treatments on anterior teeth and the basic treatments that are required to be undergone by the patient to improve their present dental appearance among a group of Turkish patients attending a dental school in Ankara, a major city in Turkey.


   Materials and Methods Top


A total of 1014 patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Department of a dental school in Ankara in Turkey participated in the present study. The participants consisted of 551 females and 463 males, with an age range of 16-70 (mean 31.8, SD 12.7). After an explanation given by a dentist about the questions (especially about the procedure of received previous treatments and desired treatments), the participants were surveyed with a questionnaire [page 197] containing questions about gender, age, education level and self-reported tooth appearance, received previous treatment(s) on anterior teeth and the basic treatment(s) they wanted to undergo to improve their present dental appearance [Figure 1],[Figure 2],[Figure 3],[Figure 4],[Figure 5]. Any questions about the questionnaire were answered by a dentist. Patients who wanted to undergo bleaching, esthetic restoration(s), orthodontic treatment and prosthetic restoration(s) were referred to the operative, orthodontic and prosthetic treatment departments of the dental school, respectively. Statistical analyses of the verifying data were made with descriptive statistics, χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analyses.


   Results Top


According to the results of the study, 55.1% of the patients were dissatisfied with the color of their teeth, 42.7% were dissatisfied with dental appearance, 29.9% were thinking that their anterior teeth were crowded, 23.3% were hiding their teeth while smiling, 16.1% were thinking of having a non-esthetic restoration(s) and 11.9% were thought that their anterior teeth were protruding.

The most self-reported received previous esthetic dental treatment was found to be as esthetic restoration(s) (29.0%) followed by root canal treatment(s) (16.9%), prosthetic restoration(s) (14.0%), whitening of teeth (9.1%) and orthodontic treatment (8.0%). In spite of the high dissatisfaction percentages of tooth color and tooth alignment, the percentages of patients who received tooth whitening and orthodontic treatment were low.

The most-desired basic treatment for the improvement of dental esthetics was found to be whitening of teeth (49.0%), following esthetic restoration(s) (25.4%), orthodontic treatment (24.5%) and prosthetic restoration(s) (16.9%).

Gender, age and education level had an effect on dental esthetic satisfaction, received previous dental treatments on anterior teeth and desired treatments for improvement of esthetics.

A significant difference was present between males and females who were dissatisfied with the color of their teeth, thinking their teeth were crowded and hiding their teeth when smiling (P < 0.05). Females tended to be more dissatisfied with the color of their teeth while males tended to be more dissatisfied with the alignment of their teeth. Females had more prosthetic restoration(s) and root canal treatment(s) (P < 0.05). The most-desired treatment was found to be whitening of teeth and no significant difference was found between the genders (P > 0.05). Details are given in [Table 1].

A significant difference was present between different age groups and dissatisfaction with color, thinking that anterior teeth were crowded, protruding, having non-esthetic restorations and hiding teeth while smiling (P < 0.05). Adolescents and young adults were more concerned about esthetics than adults. No significant difference was observed between different age groups and having undergone whitening of teeth (P > 0.05), but a significant difference was present for having esthetic restoration(s), prosthetic restoration(s), root canal treatment(s) and undergoing orthodontic treatment. The age range that had the highest number of self-reported esthetic restorations was found to be 40-49 years. The presence of prosthetic restorations increased with advanced age. Adults were found to have the highest ratings for undergoing whitening of teeth in the past (13.1%). A significant difference between age and desired treatments was also present for whitening of teeth, orthodontic treatment and prosthetic restoration (P < 0.05). Details are given in [Table 2].

A significant difference between different education levels and dissatisfaction was observed for color, thinking teeth were crowded, protruding, having non-esthetic restorations and hiding teeth when smiling (P < 0.05). Increase in the education level resulted in decrease in dissatisfaction of tooth color but increase in teeth alignment. The lowest education level had the highest scores for hiding teeth when smiling (40.9%), which presented a parallel decrease with the increase in education level.

Education level had an effect on received previous esthetic restorations, orthodontic treatment and prosthetic restoration and desiring whitening of teeth and receiving esthetic restorations (P < 0.05). The lowest education level had received the highest prosthetic restoration(s) (19.1%) and root canal treatment(s) (17.2%) in the past. Details are shown in [Table 3].

According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, only age had an impact on desiring whitening of teeth and orthodontic treatment, while both age and education had an impact on desiring prosthetic restorations and both gender and education had an impact on desiring esthetic restorations. Details are shown in [Table 4].


   Discussion Top


The Turkish participants attending a dental school located in a major city in Turkey were mostly dissatisfied with the color of their teeth, following general dental appearance, alignment of anterior teeth, were hiding teeth while smiling and thinking of having non-esthetic restorations. Samorodnitzky-Naveh et al., [1] reported that general satisfaction with dental esthetics in an Israel population was influenced mainly by tooth color, followed by self-reported misaligned teeth and hiding teeth when smiling. Although participants were from different cultures, our results show similarity with their results.

Individual preference, cultural background and social stratum can all influence the subjective recognition of tooth color. [2],[6] According to our results, 55.1% of the patients were dissatisfied with the color of their teeth. It was reported that 31.6% of the participants in a study conducted in North America, [7] 34% in United States [6] and 52.6% in China [8] were dissatisfied with their tooth color. Although the participants in the recent studies and in the present study were from different cultures, dissatisfaction rates show similarity with people in China, but higher with people from America. The color of the present teeth was not determined as it was not an aim of the study.Therefore we could not determine whether the patients actually had discoloration and required bleaching or not. It is a well-established phenomenon that some people who have normal color of teeth have a high expectation for tooth color and are potential clients for the procedure. In such situations, the dentists should give an explanation to these patients as the treatment will be unnecessary and costly. [8]

Gender had an impact on the general appearance of dental esthetics. In the present study, females were more dissatisfied with the general appearance of their tooth compared with males, but the difference was found to be non-significant. The higher dissatisfaction level for females could be related to the idea that the self-esteems of females could be affected from physical injuries more than males. [2] Vallittu et al., [2] indicated similar results with our findings from Eastern Finland. On the other hand, Samorodnitzky-Naveh et al., [1] reported that females were more satisfied with the general appearance of their teeth from males in Israel; however, the cohort consisted of more males than females as the participants were selected from patients attending a military clinic.

Age had an impact on dissatisfaction with dental esthetics. Adolescents and young adults (<19) were the most dissatisfied group, being the most dissatisfied with their dental appearance. Compared with this group, a decrease in the dissatisfaction percentages was observed with ageing, but similar patterns were present between adults and elderly. Alkhatib et al., [9] showed that older people were more satisfied with their dental appearance in the United Kingdom. These findings show some agreement with the descriptive outcome of the present study.

Age had an effect on satisfaction with tooth color. Young patients, aged between <19 and 39 had higher dissatisfaction rates compared with patients aged 40 and over. Younger people have greater preferences for whiter teeth. This may be related with the fact that younger people could be more influenced by media. It could be argued that younger people are trying to look more beautiful and healthy, in the knowledge that there is a strong link between appearance and social status expressed by better jobs and social acceptability. [9] Thus, older people may be more accepting of poorer dental appearance, incorporate it in their self-image and have less desire to make changes. Aging is not necessarily associated with negative self-precipitation of dental appearance or tooth color. Greater dissatisfaction with dental appearance or color in younger ages may suggest that perceived appearance is linked to cognitive factors other than social and cultural ones. [9]

Education level did not lead to changes in dissatisfaction in general appearance but led to a change in satisfaction with tooth color in the present study. With the increase in the education level, the dissatisfaction with tooth color deceased. Education is one way by which self-esteem may be enhanced. Thus, it is possible that the attainment of higher education may indirectly improve self-satisfaction with tooth color. Xiao et al., [8] reported that dental esthetic satisfaction in a Chinese population was correlated with education level, but not with age and gender.

A major goal of dentistry should be to reestablish esthetics and enable patients to feel confident about smiling without having to hide their teeth. [1] A great decrease in the percentage of hiding teeth while smiling was observed with the increase in education level, showing that education is an important factor for feeling confident while smiling.

Studies have shown a positive relationship between the self-satisfaction of tooth appearance and the number of teeth present in the oral cavity. This was a limitation of our study as we did not evaluate the number of present teeth, but it may be evaluated in another study. [10],[11],[12],[13]

The most self-reported received previous esthetic dental treatment was found to be esthetic restoration(s) followed by root canal treatment(s), prosthetic restoration(s), whitening of teeth and orthodontic treatment. As the reasons for received previous treatments were not recorded, the indications of treatments could not be evaluated but the high rates of the presence of esthetic restoration(s) and root canal treatment(s) and the low rates for whitening of teeth and orthodontic treatment could be related with Turkish patients having had received esthetic treatments for treatment of tooth disease, such as caries, pulpitis and fractures rather than cosmetic.

The most-desired basic treatment for the improvement of dental esthetics was found to be whitening of teeth. This could be explained by the fact that most of the patients were not satisfied with their tooth color and many of them had not made any attempt toward tooth whitening in the past. Before performing whitening of teeth, the dentist must ascertain and plan treatment to meet the expectations of the patient. [14],[15] Therefore, self-acknowledgment of tooth color plays a key role in the demand for the whitening procedure. [16] Samorodnitzky-Naveh et al., [1] reported that most of the subjects were interested in the improvement of their tooth appearance and whitening of teeth in Israel. Our results show consistency with their results. As bleaching is a simple and safe procedure and is desired by approximately half of the participants in this study, it has an important place in esthetic dental procedures.

Orthodontic treatment was found to be the least-desired treatment for improvement of esthetics. This could be due to the anesthetic and long treatment procedure, but as the reasons for the desired treatment decisions were not evaluated as clarified above, this is only an estimation. This is a limitation of the study and could be evaluated in further research.

Sociodemographic factors have an influence on desired treatments. When we evaluate the factors separately, it was found that only age had an impact on desiring whitening of teeth and orthodontic treatment, while both age and education had an impact on desiring prosthetic restorations and both gender and education had an impact on desiring esthetic restorations.

In the present study, no attempt was made to compare the effect of different materials used for dental treatment, such as different bleaching agents, composites and porcelains, on patients' dental esthetic satisfaction. Further research could be made on this topic.

Evidence suggests that a high number of the studied Turkish patients were not satisfied with the present esthetic of their dental appearance and color of their teeth. Although a correlation was not present between dissatisfaction of tooth color and undergoing whitening of teeth recently, many of the patients desired to whiten their teeth. Gender, age and education level had an effect on dissatisfaction and received and desired esthetic treatments. Understanding the prevalence of dissatisfaction of present esthetic and desired treatments for the improvement of esthetics can be a guide for strategies for intervention to improve esthetics.

 
   References Top

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Correspondence Address:
Zuhre Zafersoy Akarslan
Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara
Turkey
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.52902

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    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5]
 
 
    Tables

  [Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4]

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34 Restoration of a single darkened central incisor with a modified ceramic veneer
Luis G.B. Albino,Eduardo T. Chaves,Verônica P. Lima,Giana S. Lima
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2019; 121(3): 369
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
35 Restoration of a single darkened central incisor with a modified ceramic veneer
Luis G.B. Albino,Eduardo T. Chaves,Verônica P. Lima,Giana S. Lima
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2019; 121(3): 369
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
36 Self-perception of dental appearance and aesthetics in a student population
Gerald Ikenna Isiekwe,Elfleda Angelina Aikins
International Orthodontics. 2019; 17(3): 506
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
37 Changes in quality of life induced by tooth whitening are not influenced by global self-esteem: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Daniela Kovacevic Pavicic,Marija Kolceg,Vlatka Lajnert,Andrej Pavlic,Stjepan Spalj
Odontology. 2019;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
38 Changes in quality of life induced by tooth whitening are not influenced by global self-esteem: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Daniela Kovacevic Pavicic,Marija Kolceg,Vlatka Lajnert,Andrej Pavlic,Stjepan Spalj
Odontology. 2019;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
39 Laypeople\'s Perspective of Esthetically Pleasing Smile in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey
Fatima AlOtaibi, Maha Altamami, Noura Alsuwailem, Latifah M Almasaud, Refah A AlSubaie, Rayada A Alhabeb
World Journal of Dentistry. 2019; 10(5): 364
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
40 Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Follow-up Study
C Bersezio,P Ledezma,J Estay,C Mayer,O Rivera,E Fernández
Operative Dentistry. 2019; 44(1): 24
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
41 Color Regression and Maintenance Effect of Intracoronal Whitening on the Quality of Life: RCT—A One-year Follow-up Study
C Bersezio,P Ledezma,J Estay,C Mayer,O Rivera,E Fernández
Operative Dentistry. 2019; 44(1): 24
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
42 Factors Influencing Patients\' Satisfaction with Anterior Teeth Restorations in Ha\'il City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ammar A Siddiqui, Nabila Anwar, Hazza A Alhobeira, Modhi M Alfawzan, Asma M Alenezi, Nasser F Al-Ateeq
World Journal of Dentistry. 2018; 9(5): 394
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
43 Patient Satisfaction with Dental Appearance and Treatment Desire to Improve Esthetics
Mohammad Aldaij, Turki Alshehri, Abdulrahman Alzeer, Abdulrahman Alfayez, Fisal Aldrees, Sakhar Almuhaya, Nawaf Alkadi, Mohammed Alharthi, Shahzeb H Ansari
Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry. 2018; 12(3): 90
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
44 Arab Societal Awareness of Dental Veneers
Afnan Alfouzan, Aisha A Al-Sanie, Reem A Al-Dhafiri
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2018; 19(3): 257
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
45 Tooth sensitivity with a desensitizing-containing at-home bleaching gel—a randomized triple-blind clinical trial
Bianca Medeiros Maran,Laína Vochikovski,Diego Rafael de Andrade Hortkoff,Rodrigo Stanislawczuk,Alessandro D. Loguercio,Alessandra Reis
Journal of Dentistry. 2018; 72: 64
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
46 Tooth sensitivity with a desensitizing-containing at-home bleaching gel—a randomized triple-blind clinical trial
Bianca Medeiros Maran,Laína Vochikovski,Diego Rafael de Andrade Hortkoff,Rodrigo Stanislawczuk,Alessandro D. Loguercio,Alessandra Reis
Journal of Dentistry. 2018; 72: 64
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
47 Effect on tooth discoloration from the coffee drink at various smoke disposal during coffee bean roasting
A H Pratomo,S Triaminingsih,D J Indrani
Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018; 1073: 032031
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
48 Effect on tooth discoloration from the coffee drink at various smoke disposal during coffee bean roasting
A H Pratomo,S Triaminingsih,D J Indrani
Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2018; 1073: 032031
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
49 Data collection about failures in fixed partial dentures: 1-year monitoring
Adriana Cristina ZAVANELLI,José Vitor Quinelli MAZARO,Pâmella Izza NÓBREGA,Rosse Mary FALCÓN-ANTENUCC,Ricardo Alexandre ZAVANELLI
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 2018; 66(3): 250
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
50 Data collection about failures in fixed partial dentures: 1-year monitoring
Adriana Cristina ZAVANELLI,José Vitor Quinelli MAZARO,Pâmella Izza NÓBREGA,Rosse Mary FALCÓN-ANTENUCC,Ricardo Alexandre ZAVANELLI
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 2018; 66(3): 250
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
51 Concerns about dental aesthetics are associated with oral health related quality of life in Southern Brazilian adults
Mariél de Aquino Goulart,Aline Macarevich Condessa,Juliana Balbinot Hilgert,Fernando Neves Hugo,Roger Keller Celeste
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2018; 23(11): 3957
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
52 Randomized clinical trials of dental bleaching – Compliance with the CONSORT Statement: a systematic review
Alessandro Dourado LOGUERCIO,Bianca Medeiros MARAN,Taíse Alessandra HANZEN,Alexandra Mara de PAULA,Jorge PERDIGÃO,Alessandra REIS
Brazilian Oral Research. 2017; 31(suppl 1)
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
53 Randomized clinical trials of dental bleaching – Compliance with the CONSORT Statement: a systematic review
Alessandro Dourado LOGUERCIO,Bianca Medeiros MARAN,Taíse Alessandra HANZEN,Alexandra Mara de PAULA,Jorge PERDIGÃO,Alessandra REIS
Brazilian Oral Research. 2017; 31(suppl 1)
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
54 Perception and expectation. What do patients really want from the dental treatment?
Adriana Cristina ZAVANELLI,Mariana Vilela SÔNEGO,Ricardo Alexandre ZAVANELLI,José Vitor Quinelli MAZARO,Rosse Mary FALCÓN-ANTENUCCI
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 2017; 65(3): 243
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
55 Perception and expectation. What do patients really want from the dental treatment?
Adriana Cristina ZAVANELLI,Mariana Vilela SÔNEGO,Ricardo Alexandre ZAVANELLI,José Vitor Quinelli MAZARO,Rosse Mary FALCÓN-ANTENUCCI
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 2017; 65(3): 243
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
56 In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial
Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves,Antonio Carlos da Silva Tavares,Ana Carolina Costa da Mota,Luiz Alberto Plácido Penna,Alessandro Melo Deana,Sandra Kalil Bussadori
Brazilian Dental Journal. 2017; 28(6): 720
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
57 In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial
Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves,Antonio Carlos da Silva Tavares,Ana Carolina Costa da Mota,Luiz Alberto Plácido Penna,Alessandro Melo Deana,Sandra Kalil Bussadori
Brazilian Dental Journal. 2017; 28(6): 720
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
58 Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
C Bersezio,J Martin,F Peña,M Rubio,J Estay,R Vernal,OB Oliveira Junior,E Fernández
Operative Dentistry. 2017; 42(6): 596
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
59 Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
C Bersezio,J Martin,F Peña,M Rubio,J Estay,R Vernal,OB Oliveira Junior,E Fernández
Operative Dentistry. 2017; 42(6): 596
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
60 Association Between Confidence in Smiling and Esthetic Characteristics
Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz,Denise Juaçaba Cavalcante,Maria Mônica Studart Mendes Moreira,Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues,Carlos Augusto de Oliveira Fernandes,Paulo César de Almeida,Rosimary de Sousa Carvalho
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2017; 29(2): E56
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
61 Association Between Confidence in Smiling and Esthetic Characteristics
Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz,Denise Juaçaba Cavalcante,Maria Mônica Studart Mendes Moreira,Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues,Carlos Augusto de Oliveira Fernandes,Paulo César de Almeida,Rosimary de Sousa Carvalho
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2017; 29(2): E56
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
62 Gender-specific evaluation of variation of maxillary exposure when smiling
Niels Christian Pausch,Dimitrios Katsoulis
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017; 45(6): 913
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
63 Gender-specific evaluation of variation of maxillary exposure when smiling
Niels Christian Pausch,Dimitrios Katsoulis
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017; 45(6): 913
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
64 Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction in Implant-supported Dentures retained with Ball and Bar Attachment through Verbal Rating System
Naresh Singla, Thiruvalluvan Nagarajan
International Journal of Experimental Dental Science. 2017; 6(1): 1
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
65 Public attitude and awareness towards their teeth color and dental bleaching in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey
Nomay Nora
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. 2016; 8(4): 45
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
66 Public attitude and awareness towards their teeth color and dental bleaching in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey
Nomay Nora
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. 2016; 8(4): 45
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
67 Satisfaction with Dental Appearance and Attitude toward improving Dental Esthetics among Patients attending a Dental Teaching Center
Ghada A Maghaireh, Hanan AIzraikat, Nessrin A Taha
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2016; 17(1): 16
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
68 Satisfaction of Adult Patients about Their Smile Aesthetics Compared to Dental Professionals Observation
Basil Yousef Alamassi,Mohammad Saleh Al Onazi,Ahmad Abdullah Al Zoman
Open Journal of Stomatology. 2016; 06(11): 236
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
69 Satisfaction of Adult Patients about Their Smile Aesthetics Compared to Dental Professionals Observation
Basil Yousef Alamassi,Mohammad Saleh Al Onazi,Ahmad Abdullah Al Zoman
Open Journal of Stomatology. 2016; 06(11): 236
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
70 Prevalence of alterations in the characteristics of smile symmetry in an adult population from southern Europe
Emilio Jiménez-Castellanos,Ana Orozco-Varo,Gema Arroyo-Cruz,Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2016; 115(6): 736
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
71 Prevalence of alterations in the characteristics of smile symmetry in an adult population from southern Europe
Emilio Jiménez-Castellanos,Ana Orozco-Varo,Gema Arroyo-Cruz,Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2016; 115(6): 736
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
72 Personality Style in Patients Looking for Tooth Bleaching and Its Correlation with Treatment Satisfaction
Javier Martin,Vanessa Rivas,Patricio Vildósola,Laura Moncada,Osmir B. Oliveira Junior,José Roberto C. Saad,Eduardo Fernandez,Gustavo Moncada
Brazilian Dental Journal. 2016; 27(1): 60
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
73 A Conservative Esthetic Approach Using Enamel Recontouring and Composite Resin Restorations
Paula Mathias,Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva,Thaiane Rodrigues Aguiar,Aline Silva Andrade,Juliana Azevedo
Case Reports in Dentistry. 2016; 2016: 1
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
74 A Conservative Esthetic Approach Using Enamel Recontouring and Composite Resin Restorations
Paula Mathias,Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva,Thaiane Rodrigues Aguiar,Aline Silva Andrade,Juliana Azevedo
Case Reports in Dentistry. 2016; 2016: 1
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
75 A Study of Patient’s Satisfaction Level with their Dental Appearance and Treatment they Desire to Improve Aesthetics at Sardar Begum Dental Hospital Peshawar
Zainab Abdullah, Nazir Ahmad, Saira Afridi
Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science. 2015; 2(1): 27
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
76 Recognition of patient-reported impairment in oral aesthetics
K. Dannemand,E. B. Özhayat
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2014; : n/a
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
77 Evaluation of patient satisfaction after non-vital bleaching in traumatized discolored intact anterior teeth
Saurabh K. Gupta,Payal Saxena
Dental Traumatology. 2014; : n/a
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
78 Home-use whitening toothpastes for whitening teeth in adults
Mary M Brennan,Donna Hallas,Susan K Jacobs,Miriam Robbins,Mary Northridge
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
79 Home-use whitening toothpastes for whitening teeth in adults
Mary M Brennan,Donna Hallas,Susan K Jacobs,Miriam Robbins,Mary Northridge
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
80 Dentin erosion by whitening mouthwash associated to toothbrushing abrasion: A focus variation 3D scanning microscopy study
Juliana P.M. Lima,Mary A.S. Melo,Vanara F. Passos,CÍcero L.N. Braga,Lidiany K.A. Rodrigues,SÉrgio L. Santiago
Microscopy Research and Technique. 2013; 76(9): 904
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
81 Dental Applications of Low-Temperature Nonthermal Plasmas
Gyoo Cheon Kim,Hyun Wook Lee,June Ho Byun,Jin Chung,Young Chan Jeon,Jae Koo Lee
Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2013; 10(3): 199
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
82 Satisfaction with appearance and the desired treatment to improve aesthetics
Al-Zarea, B.K.
International Journal of Dentistry. 2013; 2013(912368)
[Pubmed]
83 Dental applications of low-temperature nonthermal plasmas
Kim, G.C. and Lee, H.W. and Byun, J.H. and Chung, J. and Jeon, Y.C. and Lee, J.K.
Plasma Processes and Polymers. 2013; 10(3): 199-206
[Pubmed]
84 Does the shape of maxillary anterior teeth influence on satisfaction with dental satisfaction? [UtjeÄe li oblik gornjih prednjih zuba na zadovoljstvo dentalnom estetikom?]
Lajnert, V. and Gržić, R. and PaviÄić, D.K. and UhaÄ, I. and KovaÄ, Z. and Tariba, P. and MariÄić, S.
Medicina Fluminensis. 2013; 49(1): 71-75
[Pubmed]
85 Archiving the Natural Dentition to Serve as Pre-extraction Record: Evaluating Perceptions Among Indian Prosthodontists
Gangadhar Shivappa Angadi,Pradnya V. Kakodkar,Sonal G. Bahet
The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2013;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
86 Perception of laypersons and dental professionals and students as regards the aesthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery
M. M. Pithon,A. M. Santos,M. S. Campos,F. S. Couto,A. F. dos Santos,R. d. S. Coqueiro,D. D. Oliveira,O. M. Tanaka
The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2013;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
87 Satisfaction with Appearance and the Desired Treatment to Improve Aesthetics
Bader K. Al-Zarea
International Journal of Dentistry. 2013; 2013: 1
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
88 Negative self-perception of smile associated with malocclusions among Brazilian adolescents
C. Moura, A. L. Cavalcanti, E. S. Gusmao, R. de Souza Coelho Soares, F. T. Cavalcante Moura, P. M. Hordonho Santillo
The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2012;
[VIEW] | [DOI]
89 The psychosocial impacts of implantation on the dental aesthetics of missing anterior teeth patients
P. Chen,S. Yu,G. Zhu
BDJ. 2012; 213(11): E20
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
90 The psychosocial impacts of implantation on the dental aesthetics of missing anterior teeth patients
Chen, P. and Yu, S. and Zhu, G.
British Dental Journal. 2012; 213(11)
[Pubmed]
91 Factors influencing a patientæs decision to choose the type of treatment to improve dental esthetics [Faktori koji utiÄu na pacijentov izbor terapije za poboljÅ¡anje estetike zuba]
Gržić, R. and Å palj, S. and Lajnert, V. and GlaviÄić, S. and UhaÄ, I. and PaviÄić, D.K.
Vojnosanitetski Pregled. 2012; 69(11): 978-985
[Pubmed]
92 Factors related to patientsæ satisfaction with appearance of maxillary anterior teeth [ÄŒimbenici koji povezuju izgled gornjih prednjih zuba i zadovoljstvo bolesnika]
Lajnert, V. and Gržić, R. and PaviÄić, D.K. and KovaÄ, Z. and KuiÅ¡, D. and GlaviÄić, S. and Pahor, D. and BakarÄić, D.
Medicina Fluminensis. 2011; 47(1): 103-106
[Pubmed]
93 Colour discrimination of dental professionals and colour deficient laypersons
Renata Poljak-Guberina, Asja Celebic, John M. Powers, Rade D. Paravina
Journal of Dentistry. 2011;
[VIEW] | [DOI]
94 Patient Satisfaction in Prosthodontic Treatment: Multidimensional Paradigm
Sunila Bukanakere Sangappa
The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2011;
[VIEW] | [DOI]
95 Factors influencing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics
Mon Tin-Oo, Norkhafizah Saddki, Nurhidayati Hassan
BMC Oral Health. 2011; 11(1): 6
[VIEW] | [DOI]
96 Dental Bleaching with 35 and 38% Hydrogen Peroxide and Immersion in Soft Drink: Analysis by Reflectance and Fourier Transform-Raman Spectroscopy
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo, Eduardo Galera da Silva, Maria Filomena Rocha Lima Huhtala, Ana Paula Martins Gomes, Gustavo de Luca Alves, Egberto Munin
World Journal of Dentistry. 2011; 2(4): 285
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
97 Associação entre presença de oclusopatias e insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas: estudo com adolescentes brasileiros
Carolina Marques Borges,Marco Aurélio Peres,Karen Glazer Peres
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2010; 13(4): 713
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
98 Associação entre presença de oclusopatias e insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas: estudo com adolescentes brasileiros
Carolina Marques Borges,Marco Aurélio Peres,Karen Glazer Peres
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2010; 13(4): 713
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
99 Association between malocclusion and dissatisfaction with dental and gingival appearance: Study with Brazilian adolescents [Associação entre presença de oclusopatias e insatisfação com a aparência dos dentes e gengivas: Estudo com adolescentes brasileiros]
Borges, C.M. and Peres, M.A. and Peres, K.G.
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2010; 13(4): 713-723
[Pubmed]



 
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